Maize is notable for its protein content, although it is relatively modest compared to other grains. It typically contains around 9% protein by weight, making it a valuable source of plant-based protein in many diets. Generally, freshly harvested maize has higher moisture content, but this decreases during storage.

Maize is consumed by a wide range of organisms, including humans, livestock (such as cattle, poultry, and pigs), and wildlife. It serves as a significant source of calories and nutrients in many diets worldwide, contributing to both human and animal nutrition.